Go Structures (Structs)
In Go, a struct (short for structure) is a custom data type that groups together variables (called fields) of different types into a single unit. It is commonly used to represent records.
When to Use Structs
- Use arrays to store multiple values of the same type.
- Use structs to store multiple values of different types under one name.
Declaring a Struct
- To declare a struct, use the type and struct keywords:
Example:
type StructName struct {
field1 dataType
field2 dataType
...
}
Example
type Person struct {
name string
age int
job string
salary int
}
Tip: name and job are strings, while age and salary are integers.
Accessing Struct Fields
- Use the dot (.) operator to access individual fields of a struct.
Example:
package main
import "fmt"
type Person struct {
name string
age int
job string
salary int
}
func main() {
var person1 Person
var person2 Person
// Assign values
person1.name = "Hege"
person1.age = 45
person1.job = "Teacher"
person1.salary = 6000
person2.name = "Cecilie"
person2.age = 24
person2.job = "Marketing"
person2.salary = 4500
// Print person1
fmt.Println("Name:", person1.name)
fmt.Println("Age:", person1.age)
fmt.Println("Job:", person1.job)
fmt.Println("Salary:", person1.salary)
// Print person2
fmt.Println("Name:", person2.name)
fmt.Println("Age:", person2.age)
fmt.Println("Job:", person2.job)
fmt.Println("Salary:", person2.salary)
}
Output:
Name: Hege
Age: 45
Job: Teacher
Salary: 6000
Name: Cecilie
Age: 24
Job: Marketing
Salary: 4500
Passing Structs to Functions
- You can pass structs as arguments to functions.
Example:
package main
import "fmt"
type Person struct {
name string
age int
job string
salary int
}
func printPerson(p Person) {
fmt.Println("Name:", p.name)
fmt.Println("Age:", p.age)
fmt.Println("Job:", p.job)
fmt.Println("Salary:", p.salary)
}
func main() {
person1 := Person{"Hege", 45, "Teacher", 6000}
person2 := Person{"Cecilie", 24, "Marketing", 4500}
printPerson(person1)
printPerson(person2)
}
Output:
Name: Hege
Age: 45
Job: Teacher
Salary: 6000
Name: Cecilie
Age: 24
Job: Marketing
Salary: 4500
