Project Scheduling
Project scheduling is one of the most crucial aspects of project planning. It focuses on determining what tasks need to be done, when they should be done, and in what sequence.
For effective scheduling, a software project manager typically follows these steps:
- Identify all the functions required to complete the project.
- Break large functions into smaller, manageable activities.
- Determine dependencies among activities.
- Estimate the time required for each activity.
- Allocate resources to tasks.
- Set start and end dates for each activity.
- Identify the critical path the sequence of activities that directly determines the overall project duration.
Breaking Down the Project
The first step is identifying all essential functions of the project. A thorough understanding of the project scope and development process helps the manager recognize critical tasks. Large functions are then broken into smaller activities using a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). This structured approach ensures activities can be assigned effectively to team members.
Managing Dependencies
Once activities are defined, the next task is to determine their dependencies. Dependencies establish the sequence in which tasks must be performed. For example, if Activity A relies on the outcome of Activity B, then A must be scheduled after B. Some activities may run concurrently if no dependencies exist. These relationships are often represented using an activity network diagram.
Resource Allocation and Tracking
After mapping dependencies, resources (such as manpower, tools, or budget) are allocated. Tools like Gantt charts are commonly used for visualizing task schedules and resource distribution. Once resources are assigned, a PERT chart can be created to support project monitoring and control.
Monitoring Progress
Each completed activity is marked by a milestone. Project managers use these milestones to track progress and detect delays early. If milestones slip, corrective actions must be taken to ensure that the final project deadline is still achievable.
