Numeric Data Types in Python

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Numeric Data Types in Python

Python supports three built-in numeric data types that are used to store numbers:

•  int – whole numbers
• float – decimal numbers
• complex – numbers with a real and imaginary part

A numeric variable is created automatically when a numeric value is assigned to it.

Example:

a = 10 # integer b = 4.75 # float c = 6 + 2j # complex

Checking the Type of a Number

To find out which numeric type a variable belongs to, you can use the type() function.

Example:

print(type(a)) print(type(b)) print(type(c))

Integer Numbers (int)

An integer is a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero. Integers in Python can be very large and do not have a fixed size limit.

Example:

num1 = 25 num2 = -890 num3 = 9876543210123456789 print(type(num1)) print(type(num2)) print(type(num3))

Floating Point Numbers (float)

A float is a number that contains a decimal point. It can also represent numbers written in scientific notation.

Decimal Values

Example:

value1 = 3.14 value2 = -0.5 value3 = 100.0 print(type(value1)) print(type(value2)) print(type(value3))

Scientific Notation

Python allows floats to be written using e or E to represent powers of 10.

Example:

num1 = 4.2e3 num2 = 9E2 num3 = -6.1e-4 print(type(num1)) print(type(num2)) print(type(num3))

Complex Numbers (complex)

Complex numbers consist of a real part and an imaginary part. The imaginary part is represented using the letter j.

Example:

x = 2 + 7j y = -3j z = 9 - 4j print(type(x)) print(type(y)) print(type(z))

Converting Between Numeric Types

Python allows you to convert numbers from one type to another using built-in functions such as int(), float(), and complex().

Example:

i = 12 # integer f = 8.9 # float p = float(i) # int to float q = int(f) # float to int r = complex(i) # int to complex print(p) print(q) print(r) print(type(p)) print(type(q)) print(type(r))

⚠️ Note: Complex numbers cannot be converted into integers or floats.

Generating Random Numbers

Python does not generate random numbers automatically, but it provides a built-in module called random for this purpose.

Example:

import random print(random.randint(1, 20))

This program generates a random integer between 1 and 20 (both inclusive).

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