Python Nested if Statements

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Python Nested if Statements

A nested if statement is an if statement placed inside another if block. This allows Python to make decisions in multiple layers, where an inner condition is evaluated only if the outer condition is true.

Nested conditions are useful when one decision depends on the result of another.

Basic Nested if Example

Example: Checking Number Ranges

number = 28 if number > 15: print("Number is greater than 15") if number > 25: print("Number is also greater than 25") else: print("But it is not greater than 25")

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How Nested if Statements Work

Python evaluates nested conditions from the outside inward. If the outer condition fails, the inner block is skipped entirely.

Example: Eligibility Check

age = 22 citizen = True if age >= 18: if citizen: print("Eligible to vote") else: print("Citizenship required") else: print("Not old enough to vote")

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Multiple Levels of Nesting

You can nest multiple if statements, but excessive nesting may reduce readability. Always aim for clarity.

Example: Academic Evaluation

marks = 78 attendance_rate = 85 project_submitted = False if marks >= 50: if attendance_rate >= 75: if project_submitted: print("Course completed successfully") else: print("Project submission pending") else: print("Insufficient attendance") else: print("Failed due to low marks")

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Nested if vs Logical Operators

Sometimes nested conditions can be simplified using logical operators like and. Both approaches are valid—choose based on clarity and complexity.

Nested if Version

speed = 70 seatbelt_on = True if speed <= 80: if seatbelt_on: print("Safe to continue driving")

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Using and Operator

speed = 70 seatbelt_on = True if speed <= 80 and seatbelt_on: print("Safe to continue driving")

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    • Use nested if when conditions have dependent logic

    • Use logical operators when conditions are simple and equally important

Practical Examples

Example 1: User Authentication Flow

email_entered = "user@example.com" password_entered = "secure@123" account_verified = False if email_entered: if password_entered: if account_verified: print("Access granted") else: print("Please verify your account") else: print("Password is missing") else: print("Email is required")

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Example 2: Performance Rating System

performance_score = 88 bonus_awarded = True if performance_score >= 85: if bonus_awarded: print("Excellent performance with bonus") else: print("Excellent performance") elif performance_score >= 70: print("Good performance") else: print("Needs improvement")

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